Patient Resource Guide: Which Doctor Treats Diabetes ("Sugar")?

When you are just diagnosed with diabetes (commonly referred to as “sugar”), the first thing you think of is about choosing the right doctor to effectively manage your condition and improve overall health. This guide provides an overview to help you understand which doctors specialize in treating diabetes and how to find the right healthcare team for your needs.

Types of Doctors Who Treat Diabetes

1. Endocrinologists

• Who Are They? Specialists in hormones and endocrine system disorders, including diabetes. Endocrinologists are the most qualified professionals for managing complex cases of diabetes due to their extensive training in the endocrine system.
• Why See Them? If you have type 1 diabetes, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, or complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, or kidney disease.
• When to Visit: For advanced treatment options, insulin pump therapy, or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) guidance.

2. Diabetologists

• Who Are They? Physicians who have completed additional certification or coursework in diabetes management. Unlike endocrinologists, they may not have specialized training in the broader endocrine system but have experience and training to manage day to day issues related to diabetes.
• Why See Them? For routine diabetes care, including medication, diet, and lifestyle adjustments.
• When to Visit: Regular check-ups or when you need personalized diabetes management.

3. Primary Care Physicians (PCPs)

• Who Are They? General practitioners or family doctors.
• Why See Them? For routine monitoring, medication prescriptions, and initial diagnosis of diabetes. It may be a good idea to first take an appointment with a PCP if you are diagnosed with or suspect a condition related to high blood glucose levels. They can refer you to a relevant doctor after an initial examination and blood or urine tests.
• When to Visit: For mild or well-controlled diabetes or for an initial consultation when you are not sure of the diabetes or whom to talk to in the beginning at the time of just diagnosis.

4. Dietitians/Nutritionists

• Who Are They? Experts in diet and nutrition.
• Why See Them? To create a diabetes-friendly meal plan, understand carbohydrate counting, and manage weight.
• When to Visit: When you want to improve your diet to control blood sugar.

5. Ophthalmologists/Optometrists

• Who Are They? Eye specialists.
• Why See Them? To monitor and treat diabetic retinopathy and other eye or vision-related complications. Uncontrolled diabetes can cause eye problems such as diabetic retinopathy.
• When to Visit: Annually or if you experience changes in vision.

6. Podiatrists

• Who Are They? Foot specialists.
• Why See Them? To prevent and treat foot ulcers, infections, and other complications related to diabetes. In case of an uncontrolled diabetes and foot complications, one may have to go through amputation of the limp as well, therefore, meeting a specialist for this purpose is recommended if someone has an uncontrolled diabetes.
• When to Visit: If you notice foot pain, sores, or infections.

7. Nephrologists

• Who Are They? Kidney specialists.
• Why See Them? For managing diabetic nephropathy (kidney complications).
• When to Visit: If blood tests show abnormal kidney function. If you are regularly meeting your endocrinologist, he can also recommend when and if you need to consult a kidney specialist based on your regular examination reports.

How to Build Your Diabetes Care Team

• Start with a Primary Care Physician (PCP) for initial diagnosis and basic management.
• Add a Diabetologist or Endocrinologist for specialized care, especially for type 1 diabetes or complications or uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
• Consult a Dietitian for a personalized meal plan.
• Schedule regular visits to an Ophthalmologist for eye health and a Podiatrist for foot care.
• If complications arise, include specialists such as Nephrologists or Cardiologists in your care team.

Tips for Choosing the Right Doctor

1. Check Qualifications: Look for board certification in endocrinology or diabetes care.
2. Experience Matters: Choose a doctor with experience in treating your type of diabetes.
3. Accessibility: Ensure the doctor’s clinic is convenient for regular visits.
4. Communication Skills: The doctor should explain treatment options clearly and listen to your concerns.
5. Reviews & Recommendations: Seek referrals from friends, family, or online reviews.

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

• What type of diabetes do I have?
• What treatment options are best for me?
• How often should I monitor my blood sugar levels?
• Are there any lifestyle changes I should make?
• How can I prevent complications?

When to Seek Emergency Care

Call your doctor or visit the emergency room if you experience:

• Severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) causing confusion or unconsciousness.
• Signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
• Symptoms of a stroke or heart attack, like chest pain, shortness of breath, or weakness on one side.

Action items for you

Managing diabetes effectively requires the right team of healthcare professionals. Whether you need routine care or advanced treatment, understanding which doctor to consult can make all the difference. You should try building a strong diabetes care team so that you can lead a healthier and more fulfilling life.